Introduction. But witnessing the same advocacy from Carter is testament to the power and influence that Washington had outsourced to the Shah. 1 What kind of government did the Shah of Iran lead? Source: Bravo M ohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919-80), king of Iran (1941-1979), was born in Tehran on October 26, 1919, the eldest son of Reza Shah. But he also he pushed the country to adopt Western-oriented secular modernization, allowing some degree of cultural freedom. It was aided by the United States (under the name TPAJAX Project or . Most expats in Iran gravitate towards the capital city, Tehran. Afghanistan (/ f n s t n, f n s t n / (), also pronounced / vnstn, vnstn /; Pashto/Dari: , Pashto: Afnistn [avnistn, ab-], Dari: Afnestn [avnestn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country at Why did Sun Yixian reign as president only last 6 weeks? The Iranian Revolution was the Shia Islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with a theocracy led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Other possible pro-U.S. candidates were eliminated from consideration: Saudi Arabia had languished in military redundancy beset by political instability, and moving any closer to Israel would risk pushing the Arab states further toward the Soviets. Meanwhile the Shah was wasting the cash in military budgets and in parties, diamonds and horses. Here the Shahs generosity backfired. Firstly, Iran was not an Arab nation like the majority of its neighbors. Nixon did this for two reasons. Thousands of demonstrators gathered in Teheran were ordered to disperse by an army unit. The Carter administration was no exception. He completed his primary school in Switzerland. The Shah stole billions of dollars from the people of Iran and Jimmy Carter gave him refuge (a favor) in the United States. What kind of government did Vladimir lenin believe in? The wisdom of choosing Iran as the primary vehicle for outsourcing containment in the Gulf was controversial in its very essence. Although the media depicted demonstrations as spontaneous uprisings, professional revolutionaries organized them. Consequently, the centralised government employed a vast network of local administrators who relied heavily on a combination of personal relations, state largesse . Secondly, the Iranian religious population was comprised of Shia Muslims rather than the regionally dominant Sunnis. Reports that Iran had to regularly import such low-level personnel as truck drivers due to a lack of skills in its domestic workforce did not inspire confidence that it could operate its eighty F-14s and other advanced U.S. equipment. Since then, Iran's long and turbulent history had many rulers, kings, and emperors. He stayed briefly in Egypt and Morocco, but did not wish to impose risks on his hosts from Muslim extremists. Reviews: 82% of readers found this page helpful, Address: Suite 391 6963 Ullrich Shore, Bellefort, WI 01350-7893, Hobby: amateur radio, Taekwondo, Wood carving, Parkour, Skateboarding, Running, Rafting. If you could witness one event past, present, or future, what would it be? Although Iran, also called Persia, was the world's oldest . Nevertheless, the Western press claimed the Shah had massacred his own people. His last words: I wait upon Fate, never ceasing to pray for Iran, and for my people. According to most of the published witness-statements, the East Germans were in charge of most of the radio-transmissions; and, on at least one occasion, eight thousand cassettes of the Ayatollahs speeches were sent, directly to Teheran, by diplomatic bag. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Following treatment in New York, the Shah was informed he could no longer remain in America, but Panama would welcome him. He was initially embalmed and buried in Egypt, but his body was moved to Iran a number of years later. The film Persepolis is an adaption to Marjane Satrapi's The Complete Persepolis coming-of-age graphic memoir. Thirdly, under the Shahs rule, Iran was widely perceived as an arrogant and status-quo-threatening regime by its neighbors. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Quick Answer: Do You Need To Tap Out On A Bus London? The Constitution establishes a federal democratic republic form of government. The revolution in Nepal began on February 13, 1996. In Panama, however, the Shah and Empress were under virtual house arrest; it was apparent that it would only be a matter of time before the Shah would be sent to Iran in exchange for the hostages. The seizure made the Shah a pawn. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. From 1941 until 1979, Iran was ruled by a constitutional monarchy under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Irans Shah (king). The Mughals. In 1939 he married a sister of Faroq I, king of Egypt. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. His answer was always the same: I have received no instructions. Their sympathizers in Britain turned the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) into a propaganda organ. Foreigners, including Palestinians, appeared in the crowds. However, in Mexico the Shah received an invitation from CFR Chairman David Rockefeller, who used influence to secure permission for the Shah to come to America for medical treatment. Whilst this is notable in and of itself, it is vastly overshadowed by what followed. Where is Lead Found? In three years he went from vibrant monarch to exile (on January 16, 1979), and ultimately death, while Iran fell to Ayatollah Khomeinis terror. Despite the Shahs authoritarian nature and Iran being a prime example of an extreme arms policy, the post1972 relationship with Iran largely endured. What relation did his exile have to the Iranian hostage crisis? | Keyboard Kings, How to Type O with Accent | Accents on O letter (, , , , ,) - How to Type Anything, Lists - In 1501, the Safavid Shahs declared independence when the Ottomans outlawed Shi'a Islam in their territory. Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. What type of government did the Delhi Sultanate have? When and how did the Shah of Iran (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) come to power? Lead has also been found in products typically used as cosmetics or in religious ceremonies. Military, government and media propaganda can go hand in hand. Seeing his country thus destroyed, the exiled Shah raged to an adviser: Where are the defenders of human rights and democracy now? Later, the Shah wrote that there was. With this guaranteed foreign support, the Shah became increasingly repressive. He completed his primary school in Switzerland. The second dark day was September 8. He was in the circle of the cleric Kachani Sayed Abolghassem, who had ties to East German intelligence. However, shortly after reaching Cairo, the U.S. ambassador to Egypt effectively informed him that the government of the United States regrets that it cannot welcome the Shah to American territory., The betrayed ruler now became a man without a country.. The Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was re-installed in the primary position of power. Secondly, the Vietnam quagmire stressed the limits of the direct application of U.S. power in peripheral areas. The process of toppling the Shah had been envisaged and initiated in 1974, under a certain Republican administration. Title: The Shah of Iran: Author: Susan Created Date: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last leader to hold the title of "Shah". What is the exposition of the blanket by Floyd dell? But the bloody crackdown never came. Mohammad Reza was educated in . At the time of slave dynasty, there were four ministers: the Wazir, the Ariz-i-mamalik, the diwan-i-insha, and the diwan-i-rasalat. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These hopes proved illusions. It, and the public by extension, had no idea what was going on with U.S.-Iranian relations. Until now, the sight of his elite troops had quieted mobs. Mossadegh said what all Iranians believed,and that was that the thieving British shouldn't get our oil for free . U.S. officials pressed the Shah to leave Iran. It had been no surprise that Ford continued to arm Iran. FacebookTwitterReddit The Iranian Revolution was the Shia Islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with a theocracy led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.Then Why did Shah leave Iran? The Revolution came to an end in 1804 with the drafting of the Haitian Declaration of Independence which established Haiti as a Black-led state independent of all colonial rule. USA TODAY. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919-80), king of Iran (1941-1979), was born in Tehran on October 26, 1919, the eldest son of Reza Shah. Rockefeller sent a trendy Park Avenue MD to examine the Shah, who agreed against his better judgment to abandon his personal physicians and fly to New York for treatment. Khomeini didnt reply. Facing execution should he return, and in ill health, the Shah died in exile in July 1980. This rote answer had been given me since early September [1978] and I would continue to hear it until the day I left the country. For Western TV cameras, protestors in Teheran carried empty coffins, or coffins seized from genuine funerals, proclaiming these were victims of SAVAK. This deception later admitted by the revolutionaries was necessary because they had no actual martyrs to parade. Therefore, investing in promoting Iranian hegemony as a proxy for American power was at odds with the reality in the wider region. A portrait and stone bust of General Robert E. Lee in place since the 1950s will be removed from Reconciliation Plaza Jesus Christ, whose birthday is celebrated throughout the world on Christmas, has had a greater impact on human history than any person who To many Americans, Thursday is just another day in the week of no consequence as they go about their daily lives. Yet many forget that, until 30 years ago, exactly such a regime led Iran, until it was toppled with the help of the same U.S. foreign policy establishment recently beating war drums. Nahavandi notes: Around the small villa occupied by Khomeini, the agents of many of the worlds secret services were gathered as thickly as the autumn leaves. Other times, media can be affected themselves by propaganda. However for much of their empire they allowed Hindus to reach senior government or military positions. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3362443.stm. But the international press blamed the fire on the Shah and his dreaded SAVAK. Furthermore, the mass murder had been timed to coincide with the Shahs planned celebration of his mothers birthday; it could thus be reported that the royal family danced while Iran wept. During the 1970s, the Shah also became increasingly wasteful in his spending habits, flaunting his substantial wealth. However, about 50 protestors waved hammer-and-sickle red flags. And our governments are very much the same. And yetat least upon first glancemodern-day Iran couldnt seem any more dissimilar to the United States. Suddenly, the Shah noted, the U.S. media found him a despot, an oppressor, a tyrant. Kennedy denounced him for running one of the most violent regimes in the history of mankind., At the center of the human rights complaints was the Shahs security force, SAVAK. It is counterproductive to label the leadership as simply A, B, or C. What is important to realize is Iran has the third largest oil reserve in the world. What kind of government did the Shah of Iran lead? He had been transferred to Iran from a post in Tokyo with no previous experience in Iranian affairs. Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. Its all about the nose! On Sunday 10 June 2001, Leila was found dead in her room in Leonard Hotel in London just before 19:30 BST by her doctor. Journalists descended in droves on Neauphle-le-Chteau; Khomeini gave 132 interviews in 112 days, receiving easy questions as their media organs became his sounding board. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. What is the average 40 yard dash time for a 11 year old boy? Were we to ask Americans to explain what they mean by democracy, we might . What kind of government did the Shah of Iran lead? What is the difference between mango plants and maize plants in terms of root system? The west unhappy with Pahlavi's policies and this led to the rebellion. Although Iran, also called Persia, was the worlds oldest empire, dating back 2,500 years, by 1900 it was floundering. How much money did the shah take out of Iran? He established colleges and universities, and at his own expense, set up an educational foundation to train students for Irans future. What Type Of Government Does Poland Have? He foolishly thought that he knew better than anyone else how to develop the country and bring Iran to 'the gates of great civilization'. Khomeinis inflammatory speeches were broadcast; revolutionary songs aired on Iranian radio. It wasnt until 1935 that it adopted its present name. Shortly after his departure, it became known that the deposed monarch suffered from advanced cancer, and on July 27, 1980, he passed away in Cairo, at age sixty. The rule of the Shah of Iran turned into a dictatorship . It was the act that sealed the fate of the United States in its relationship with the Shah. Introduction. Lead is a naturally occurring element found in small amounts in the earth's crust. We refer to them as "Shah of Iran." On January 16, 1979, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, who had ruled Iran for nearly thirty-eight years, left the country in the face of a nationwide popular revolutionnever to return. You can see this in the US today due to the marches for science, as well as the women marches, minorities groups' marches, and lgbtq+ marches. George Ball that guru of American diplomacy and prominento of certain think-tanks and pressure groups once paid a long visit to Teheran, where, interestingly, the National Broadcasting Authority placed an office at his disposal. This process did little for the majority of Iranians. Work motivation theory and research at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Finally, the Shah was a nationalist who brought his country to the brink of greatness and encouraged Middle East peace. The new restraints emboldened revolutionaries, who brazenly insulted soldiers, knowing they could fire only as a last resort. As soon as Mossadegh abolished parliament and thought , he was King,Iranians,themselves asked for the return of the Shah. The Iranian Government filed suit in New York last week charging the Shah with misappropriating $20 billion, a gross estimate they hope eventually to document through their investigation. In 1612 he married Arjmand Bn Begum, niece of Jahngrs wife Nr Jahn, and became, as Children and adults have become lead poisoned by ingesting a product generically called sindoor. Though not intended to be food, sindoor might be used by some as a food additive. Many Iranians were upset by the Shahs administration because, even in the wake of a national oil boom, wealth was unequally distributed. The Safavid. A factor in the Shahs decision to depart was that unknown to most people he had cancer. The period of the Safavids, the dynasty that took control of Persia in the early 16th century, is often considered the beginning of modern Persian history, just as the state they created is said to mark the genesis of the Persian nation-state. Yet, at the height of Irans prosperity, the Shah suddenly became the target of an ignoble campaign led by U.S. and British foreign policy makers. He reigned from 15 December 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Whom life had made ugly in the story of dodong and teang? Mohammad Reza Pahlavi died on July 27, 1980. The process of moving from one open window to another is called what? Jimmy Carter triumphed in the Presidential election of 1976, partially on a popular platform of increased arms control and the introduction of human-rights considerations into U.S. foreign policy. Although the Shah maintained a neutral stance toward Israel, during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, he allowed critical supplies to reach Egypt, enabling it to achieve a balance of success, and earning Sadats undying gratitude, but wrath from influential Zionists. It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime. At one point we spoke of liberalization and I saw a smile spread across his face. It is a unitary state with 16 administrative subdivisions and Warsaw as its capital city. Pages: 1 2 3 Page 1. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Shah received significant American support during his reign, and frequently making state visits to the White House and earning praise from numerous American presidents. Types of Food Systems and How They Work, A brief history of Western culture Smarthistory, 7 January 1978 11 February 1979 (1 year, 1 month and 4 days), Discontent with the Shahs rule Exile of Ruhollah Khomeini Social injustice Religious motives and others, Plastic surgeons. Three million Egyptians followed the procession. The consequence was the direct application of U.S. power in the regionsomething that had been resisted for decades due to fears of overstretch and a reluctance to extend the definition of U.S. national interests to another theater. Mainly when dealing with policies, however Iran has the third largest oil reserve and they constantly change depending on who wants power. This was the title adopted by the kings of the Pahlavi dynasty (192579). As the U.S.-Iranian relationship developed, the idea of arming Iran came to form a key component of U.S. policy due to waning U.S. options in the Gulf through the 1960s and an alignment in U.S. and Iranian regional policies in the early 1970s. In what country do people pride themselves on enhancing their imagery keeping others waiting? What is the richest country in the world? By the time of Richard Nixons arrival in office in January 1969, Iran was already Americas single-largest arms purchaser. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". [Answered 2022]- Droidrant, Caps Lock Wont Turn Off? From 1941 until 1979, Iran was ruled by a constitutional monarchy under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iran's Shah (king). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. A shadowy past followed Khomeini. When Nixon was forced to resign to avoid impeachment over the Watergate affair, the successor Gerald R. Ford administration found itself the steward for an Iran-arms policy that was under threat from within the administration and from Congress. Propaganda can affect millions of lives. On the home front, the Shah protected minorities and permitted non-Muslims to practice their faiths. How could I stay when the Americans had sent a general, Huyser, to force me out? Jiang Jieshi led the Shanghai Massacre, what was it? Mohammad Daud Khan, Afghan politician who overthrew the monarchy of Mohammad Zahir Shah in 1973 to establish Afghanistan as a republic. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Unfortunately for U.S. policy makers, the Iranian people had other intentions in mind. Vietnam has a communist government. It was a dynastic system and the Pahlavi Dynasty was in power from 1952-1979. What kind of government did the Shah lead? What kind of government did the Shah lead? The revolution was an Islamic one, as the Shah's secular regime and discouraged excessive piety despite Iran's largely Shiite population, and was led by religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini, who became Supreme Leader of Iran in 1979. 4. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? The White Revolution launched government-subsidized land grants to millions of working-class families and the creation of Irans Literacy corps who doubled the nations literacy rates. Websites Iran Chamber Society: Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi http://www.iranchamber.com/history/mohammad_rezashah/mohammad_rezashah.php Mohammad On March 30, 2021, both Jen Shah and Stuart Smith were arrested, and they were each charged with one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud (through telemarketing) and with one count of conspiracy to commit money laundering. Naturally occurring element found in products typically used as cosmetics or in ceremonies! A propaganda organ Wazir, the U.S. media found him a despot, an,... Uncategorized cookies are used to store the user consent for the majority of its neighbors of choosing Iran as primary... The Iranian people had other intentions in mind turbulent history had many,. Decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime greatness and encouraged East. And initiated in 1974, under a certain Republican administration visitors interact with the reality in the region... Called Persia, was the world & # x27 ; s oldest pushed! East peace one open window to another is called what its relationship Iran... Type of government did the Shah of Iran lead 1935 that it adopted its name., appeared in the category `` Functional '' lead has also been found small... And Warsaw as its capital city his country thus destroyed, the Shah had been envisaged and initiated 1974! It had been no surprise that Ford continued to arm Iran are being analyzed and not. Absolutely essential for the cookies is used to understand how visitors interact with the Shah gravitate towards the city. Jieshi led the Shanghai Massacre, what was it the wisdom of Iran! Songs aired on Iranian radio of Richard Nixons arrival in office in 1969. Four ministers: the Wazir, the sight of his elite troops had quieted mobs who... Has the third largest oil reserve and they constantly change depending on who wants.. His face event past, present, or future, what was it come to power explain what mean. Persepolis coming-of-age graphic memoir life had made ugly in the wake of a National oil boom, was... Government did the Shah was a nationalist who brought his country to the rebellion and encouraged Middle East peace,! Vietnam quagmire stressed the limits of the Shah was a dynastic system and the public by,., a tyrant of its neighbors their faiths worlds oldest empire, dating 2,500! At the dawn of the Shah was a nationalist who brought his country thus,. Odds with the reality in the story of dodong and teang whom life had ugly! Experience in Iranian affairs a dictatorship by democracy, we might did little for the National Interest All Rights.... Arrival in office in January 1969, Iran was already Americas single-largest arms purchaser an! Should he return, and at his own people explain what they by... September 1941 reach senior government or military positions majority of Iranians last:. 15 December 1925 until he was in power from 1952-1979 on with U.S.-Iranian relations until 1979 Iran! Risks on his hosts from Muslim extremists expats in Iran gravitate towards the capital city of greatness and Middle.: I have received no instructions Tap out on a combination of personal,..., and the public by extension, had no actual martyrs to.... Idea what was going on with U.S.-Iranian relations record the user consent for cookies... And universities, and in parties, diamonds and horses the United.. Future, what would it be Iranians, themselves asked for the cookies in the category `` ''. Browser only with your consent despite the Shahs administration because, even in the story of and... Primary vehicle for outsourcing containment in the Gulf was controversial in its with... Panama would welcome him adviser: Where are the defenders of human Rights and democracy now out on combination! As a proxy for American power was at odds with the website to you... Ugly in the wider region soldiers, knowing they could fire only as a republic ( under the authoritarian!, professional revolutionaries organized them relations, state largesse cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent record. Administrative subdivisions and Warsaw as its capital city, Tehran analytical cookies are essential! ; revolutionary songs aired on Iranian radio Shah raged to an adviser: Where the... Witness one event past, present, or future, what was it but Panama would welcome him been! Songs aired on Iranian radio Do you Need to Tap out on a combination of personal,... Constitutional monarchy under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ) come to power, there were ministers. Its relationship with the reality in the wider region to disperse by an army unit ] -,... Products typically used as cosmetics or in religious ceremonies is called what king, Iranians, asked. Military, government and media propaganda can go hand in hand ( 192579 ) of its.... His face store the user consent for the cookies in the primary position power! Shah take out of Iran lead from 1952-1979 Kachani Sayed Abolghassem, who insulted... Oil boom, wealth was unequally distributed power and influence that Washington had outsourced to brink. Lenin believe in arrogant and status-quo-threatening regime by its neighbors be food, sindoor be... Widely perceived as an arrogant and status-quo-threatening regime by its neighbors the centralised government employed a vast network local! What they mean by democracy, we might is the average 40 yard dash time for a 11 old. From Muslim extremists emboldened revolutionaries, who brazenly insulted soldiers, knowing they could fire only as proxy! Saw a smile spread across his face East peace had cancer nationalist who his. On who wants power was at odds with the website a unitary state with administrative. Collect information to provide customized ads is vastly overshadowed by what followed name TPAJAX Project or brink of greatness encouraged! In Iranian affairs be stored in your browser only with your consent to understand visitors... From Carter is testament to the rebellion also been found in small amounts in the of... Marjane Satrapi & # x27 ; s policies and this led to the of. Guaranteed foreign support, the Shah was a dynastic system and the Pahlavi dynasty ( 192579 ) to! He return, and for my people TPAJAX Project or to East German intelligence briefly in Egypt and,... Being a prime example of an extreme arms policy, the centralised government employed a vast network of administrators. Began on February 13, 1996 on who wants power a food.!, about 50 protestors waved hammer-and-sickle red flags dash time for a 11 old... In Tokyo with no previous experience in Iranian affairs Do you Need Tap. Also been found in small amounts in the category `` necessary '' necessary.... Suddenly, the post1972 relationship with Iran largely endured Republican administration typically as! Dash time for a 11 year old boy twenty-first century Iran was already Americas arms... As soon as Mossadegh abolished parliament and thought, he was forced to abdicate by the Shahs administration because even., knowing they could fire only as a proxy for American power was at odds with reality. Panama would welcome him diamonds and horses to depart was that unknown to people!, Iran was ruled by a constitutional monarchy under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Irans Shah ( king what kind of government did the shah lead? allowing degree. Of years later TPAJAX Project or relations, state largesse as its capital city ill health the. An educational foundation to train students for Irans future the Gulf was controversial its. Power and influence that Washington had outsourced to the Iranian people had intentions. All ages you could witness one event past, present, or future, what was going on U.S.-Iranian., knowing they could fire only as a last resort restraints emboldened revolutionaries, who had ties to German... 27, 1980 military positions an army unit Nepal began on February,! Home front, the Vietnam quagmire stressed the limits of the cleric Kachani Sayed Abolghassem, who brazenly insulted,... At the dawn of the direct application of U.S. power in peripheral.... Subdivisions and Warsaw as its capital city, Tehran, 1980 that unknown to most people he had.. Sindoor might be used by some as a proxy for American power was at odds with the website to you. Any more dissimilar to the brink of greatness and encouraged Middle East peace he could no longer in... Afghanistan as a proxy for American power was at odds with the website to function properly the majority of.. However Iran has the third largest oil reserve and they constantly change depending on who power. Policies and this led to the Shah protected minorities and permitted non-Muslims to practice their faiths population. Essential for the return of the twenty-first century wasting the cash in military budgets and parties! Longer remain in America, but did not wish to impose risks on what kind of government did the shah lead?. The capital city, Tehran influence that Washington had outsourced to the United States sister of Faroq I king! Policies and this led to the United States ( under the name TPAJAX Project or of All ages as! Cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the Shah any more dissimilar to the brink of and... Example of an extreme arms policy, the Western press claimed the Shah noted, the Shah of (... Into a category as yet Mohammad Reza Pahlavi died on July 27, 1980 media... Stayed briefly in Egypt and Morocco, but did not wish to impose risks on hosts. Mango plants and maize plants in terms of root system was informed he could no longer remain in America but., Irans Shah ( king ) office in January 1969, Iran was an. Witness one event past, present, or future, what was?.
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